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AJHS Timeline
Where was the first synagogue opened in NSW? When was the Hakoah Club bombed? Who was Australia’s second Jewish Governor-General?
The Australian Jewish Historical Society maintains a dynamic timeline of Jews and the Jewish experience in Australia since the start of European Colonisation in 1788, highlighting major events and figures in the participation of the Jewish people in Australia history, and the development of its community.
Jewish History in Australia can be explored via the Timeline at a high level or in detail, extracting important dates by subject area, including: Politics, Military, Synagogues, Events, etc.
Special thanks to Harvey Cohen.

First Fleet arrives at Sydney Cove. Of the 751 convicts transported to the fledgling NSW colony, at least 8 were Jews.
Over a thousand people of Jewish descent estimated to have been sent to Australia as convicts during the next 60 years.
John Harris, first policeman in colony of NSW
Proposed to Judge-Advocate David Collins to establish a night watch, 'to be selected among the convicts for the purpose to stem the frequent commission of offences in the settlement'.
Hobart, Tasmania is established as a penal colony at Sullivan’s Cove, Van Dieman’s Land. Of the orginal 270 convicts, 8 are Jewish.
Jewish convicts arrived from the then failing colony of Sorrento on Port Phillip Bay to Sullivans Cove – now the city of Hobart.
Governor Bligh deposed by Lt. Col. George Johnson
Johnson's common-law wife was Esther Abrahams of the First Fleet who was Jewish.
First free Jewish woman settler – Esther Isaacs.
Another contender is Ann Bocherah, the free wife of Solomon Bocherah, a Second Fleet convict arriving in mid 1790. She was the second Jew to arrive free after Rosanna Abrahams, the infant daughter of Esther Abrahams born in Newgate prison.
First Jewish services conducted in private homes by emancipist Joseph Marcus
One of the few convicts with Jewish knowledge
Merchant Phillip J Cohen arrives in Australia. Convenes regular religious services at his Sydney home
Cohen is authorized by the British Chief Rabbi Solomon Hirschel to perform Jewish marriages. Cohen superintended the formal establishment of the Sydney Hebrew Congregation in 1832.
Michael Hyam arrived in NSW (Hyam Beach)
Michael Hyam received a grant of 41 acres of waterfront land in 1859 and the beach and town arenamed after him.
Solomon Levey independently finances Thomas Peel’s private venture, the Swan River (free-immigrant) Colony. This eventually becomes the Colony of Western Australia.
Levey trusted Peel as he was 2nd cousin of British P.M., Sir Robert Peel, and that Peel deigned to become the partner of a Jewish former convict. Levey paid dearly for this misjudgment.
First organised services in Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) are convened.
Held at the Argyle Street, Hobart home of wealthy emancipist Judah Solomon.
Reverend Aaron Levi arrives in Sydney.
Sefer Torah purchased by subscription. Services become more regular.
Earliest Jewish marriage, of John and Rebecca Moses, is officiated by P.J. Cohen.
Ketubah still exists.
First Jewish Cemetery in Sydney established at Sandhills Cemetery in Surry Hills.
Resumed in 1901 for Central Railway Station.
First Jewish marriage in the colony by P J Cohen of Moses Joseph and Rosetta Nathan
Jewish convicts were married prior, but such marriages had been performed by the Anglican ministers, hence historians do not accept these as Jewish weddings.
Joseph Barrow Montefiore elected president of first Jewish congregation in NSW.
Cousin of Sir Moses Montefiore
Bridge Street Synagogue in Sydney is consecrated
First synagogue in Australia was opened in rented premises
Jacob Montefiore is among the 11 Commissioners who establish the settlement of Adelaide.
One of the venture's backers is Sir Moses Montefiore.
Foundation stone laid for first purpose built synagogue in Australia on York Street Sydney.
Synagogue in use 1844-1877
Hobart synagogue is consecrated.
Constructed on land donated by Judah Solomon. Now the oldest synagogue in Australia and is still in use
First of just three dedicated Jewish cemeteries in NSW was opened in Maitland.
The others were Goulburn (1848) and Raphael's Ground (1867).
First synagogue in Melbourne is constructed on Bourke Street.
Victorian Jewish population increases from 200 in 1848 to 3000 1861.
Lionel Samson is elected to Western Australia’s Legislative Chamber, becoming the first Jew to be elected to an Australian Parliament.
Over 50 Jewish MPs served during the colonial period. 1849-1900
Australia’s first Jewish Day Schools open in Sydney and Melbourne with support from respective colonial governments.
When government funding ended, both schools disband: in Melbourne in 1872 and Sydney in 1880.
Eureka Stockade, Ballarat stormed by troops. Teddy Thonen, a German Jew was the first of 24 miners killed defending the stockade.
Earlier Manastra Flatow, another German Jew, was one of those arrested in connection with the burning of the Eureka Hotel.
East Melbourne Hebrew Congregation founded.
After separating from the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation.
Sir Saul Samuel, magistrate, merchant and pastoralist is the first Jew to be a minister of the Crown
Served numerous terms as NSW Treasurer and Post Master-General.
Accidental death of Isaac Nathan “the Father of Australian Music” in Sydney
1790-1864. Australia's first tram fatality
Fifteen Jewish families form the first congregation in Brisbane.
They meet in rented auction rooms and a Masonic temple pending the consecration of its first synagogue in 1886.
Certified Denominational School – First Jewish Day School in NSW
Operated till 1882 when Government aid for denominational schools stopped.
New synagogue dedicated in Albert Street for the East Melbourne Hebrew Congregation
Now oldest in Melbourne and only synagogue in the CBD.
Newtown Synagogue opens
Second oldest ongoing synagogue in NSW - 3rd in Australia after Hobart and Launceston. Religious services at the home of Abram & Naomi Solomon
Sir Julian Salamons appointed Chief Justice of New South Wales.
Declined to be sworn in "because of the hostility of the then current members of the bench"
Eliezer Montefiore is appointed the first director of The Art Gallery of New South Wales.
A founding trustee and president of the trustees.
Chovevei Zion (Lovers’ of Zion Society) active in Sydney.
3 years before the first Zionist Conference in Basle, Switzerland.
Rabbi Israel Isidore Bramson lived in Sydney from around 1898 to 1902.
Not affiliated to any particular congregation and performed a number of Chupahs.
Federation of Australia. Four Jews among the first Members of Federal Parliament
Isaac Isaacs, Vaiben Louis Solomon, Elias Solomon, Pharez Phillips, in the House of Representatives.
Kishinev Pogrom Protest
Protest (at the Czarist policies that promoted this pogrom) meeting held at Sydney Town Hall by concerned citizens of all faiths. Speakers included Abraham Pearlman, storekeeeper in Boggabri (NSW), born in Kishinev.
WWI commences when the Austro-Hungarian Empire declares war on Serbia.
13 per cent of the Jewish community enlisted in the Australian Imperial Forces, compared to 9.2 per cent of the general population.
Colonel John Monash leads Australian troops of the 4th Infantry Brigade at Gallipoli.
57 Jewish ANZACS were killed in action at Gallipoli.
Sir John Monash is charged with the withdrawal from Gallipoli
Only General to survive unscathed
Leonard Keysor AIF First Battalion at Gallipoli awarded VC
For the 'most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty' at Battle of Lone Pine
Issy Smith (Ishroulch Shmeilowitz) of the 1st Manchester Regiment is awarded VC.
For bravery and gallantry in voluntarily rescued wounded men during the second batlle of Ypres. Later Member for Melbourne in the Australian House of Representatives.
Legislative Assembly had to close on Yom Kippur because both Speaker John Jacob Cohen and Deputy Speaker Daniel Levy were Jewish.
Jews in New South Wales constitute only 0.4% of the population.
General Sir John Monash becomes Commander in Chief of the AIF.
Leads the Australian Corps through the victorious battles of the closing stages of the war.
British official, Sir Mathew Nathan, serves as Governor of Queensland.
1920-25. Earlier Governor of Gold Coast, Hong Kong & Natal, Chairman of the British G.P.O. and Chairman of the Inland Revenue.
Council of Jewish Women (CJW) is founded in Sydney by Dr Fanny Reading.
Later became the NSW branch of the National Council of Jewish Women of Australia, NCJWA.
Dr Jacob Jona, first Jew to be elected President of a VFL/AFL football club. (Hawthorn Football Club (1931-1949)
Other Jewish presidents of VFL Clubs in the 1930's were Dr D. Berman of North Melbourne; Reuben Sackville of St Kilda, Ewart Joseph of Fitzroy.
Kimberley Scheme to settle Jewish refugees in WA is established by Freeland League
Led by Isaac Nachman Steinberg Does not eventuate
Australian Judean Sports Council is established to coordinate Jewish sport nationally.
Later renamed the Australian Maccabi council, and in 1957 Maccabi Australia.
Sir Isaac Isaacs lays foundation stone for Temple Beth Israel, St Kilda
First Liberal/Progressive Synagogue built in Australia.
Evian Conference on Jewish Refugees.
Australian representative, White says Australia would not undertake "any scheme of large-scale foreign migration". Sydney Morning Herald editorial condemns White's speech.
Australian government allots 15,000 visa’s for “victims of oppression”. 5,000 annually for three years
7000-9000 Jews able to take up the visas under the "Victims of Oppression" allotment before the outbreak of World World II stopped the program.
Rabbi Herman Sanger, of Temple Beth Israel, Melbourne, conducts first Liberal service in Sydney
Aids the establishment of Temple Emanuel (now Emanuel Synagogue)
First Liberal synagogue in NSW, Temple Emanuel, is founded in Woollahra.
Now known as Emanuel Synagogue
Isaac Steinberg of the Freeland League visits Australia.
Proposal for settling Jewish refugees in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is a public issue.
Hakoah (Soccer) Club is established in Sydney.
The club went on to be four time National Soccer League champions.
HMT Dunera arrives in Sydney carrying Jewish refugees from Axis countries.
568 Refugees incarcerated as enemy aliens in camp at Hay.
MV Struma crammed with 750 Jewish refugees refused landing in Palestine, was towed into the Black Sea where it sank, with just one survivor (David Stoliar).
A critical event in Australian Jewish history as British apologists, notably Sir Isaac Isaacs, lost all community credibility.
Founding of NSW Jewish Board of Deputies
Forerunner was the NSW Jewish Advisory Board founded in 1932 and comprising representatives of synagogues only
Sydney’s first Jewish Kindergarten – North Bondi Hebrew School and Kindergarten, opens.
Forerunner of Moriah College.
Australian Labor government establishes a sub-committee on immigration.
Recommends that post-war Australia should foster immigration from Britain and the European continent
Julius Stone, Professor of Jurisprudence and International Law at the University of Sydney, publishes “Stand Up and Be Counted”,
Open letter to Sir Isaacs Isaacs, who sought to lead a crusade against Zionism.
Arthur Calwell becomes Minister for Immigration in the Chifley government.
Radical changes are implemented in immigration policy to allow for massive post war migration to Australia. Continues under the Menzies governments.
17,768 Jewish refugees enter Australia under auspices of the Australian Jewish Welfare Society (AJWS).
Jewish migrants are excluded from all Australian government sponsored programs. 1947-52
Malka Leifer found guilty of 18 charges relating to the sexual abuse of two sisters between 2003 and 2007.
Leifer was former head of religion and principal of Adass Israel School and fled Melbourne for Israel in March 2008
Arrival of Nazi War Criminals in Australia as part of the IRO program
including Konrad Kalejs, who serves as immigration officer in Bonegilla from 1950-53
First Jewish School in Victoria, Mt Scopus War Memorial College, opens.
Established in St. Kilda Road with 143 students.
Israeli Consulate-general established in Sydney.
This was "the first diplomatic mission of Israel for 2000 years".
Sydney Einfeld was elected president of the Australian Jewish Welfare and Relief Societies.
1961 Federal Member for Phillip. 1965 State member for Bondi. Was responsible for establishing Australia’s consumer laws
Iconic photographer, Helmut Newton, holds his first exhibition with Wolfgang Sievers at the Federal Hotel in Collins Street, Melbourne
Ultimately launching him to worldwide acclaim.
Australia’s answer to Charlie Chaplin, comic Roy ‘Mo’ Rene dies in Sydney aged 63.
Real name Harry Van Der Sluice
Melbourne Olympics. Maurice Nathan, Chairman of the Olympic Civic Committee, key organiser.
Later became Lord Mayor of Melbourne
Estimated total of 35-40,000 Jewish immigrants who had been victims of Hitler arrived 1933-1963.
Melbourne becomes the Diaspora community with the highest percentage of Holocaust survivors.
Barry Kosky, born in Melbourne. Internationally renowned opera and theatre director.
Currently artistic director of the Komische Oper Berlin.
Harry Triguboff undertakes his largest development to date, 18 apartments in Meriton Street, Gladesville.
Established in 1963, Meriton has built more than 77,000 apartments
World first compulsory wearing of seatbelts in cars launched in Victoria.
Recommendation by the Road Safety Committee chaired by Walter Jona MP.
First Jewish community centre in the Australian Capital Territory, the ACT Jewish Memorial Centre is consecrated.
Features the sharing of facilities for both orthodox and liberal services.
Asher Joel knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for arranging tours of Australia
Also made Knight of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1974. Also knighted by the Pope
Australian Labor party wins government in Australia under Gough Whitlam.
The Whitlam government introduces multiculturalism as official policy, bringing to an end the White Australia policy
Gough Whitlam is dismissed as Prime Minister of Australia by Governor General John Kerr
Zelman Cowen proposes political solution in public letter. Kerr's secretary, David Smith, prorogues parliament on steps of (old) Parliament House.
Leo Weiser Port MBE becomes Lord Mayor of Sydney. Served from 1975-78.
Original name was Rapoport.
Sir Zelman Cowen is appointed as second Australian Jewish Governor-General.
Held office 8/12/1977-29/7/1982
Hakoah Club and the Israeli consulatein Sydney are bombed
First instance of international islamic terrorism in Australia.
Barry Cohen appointed Minister for Home Affairs and the Environment from 1983.
Minister for arts, heritage and the environment until 1987.
Harry Seidler becomes the first Australian elected to the prestigious Académie d’architecture.
For contribution to international architecture.
Rabbi Raymond Apple becomes senior Chaplain of the Australian Military Forces
Nominal rank of Brigadier
Jewish Secular Humanistic Community (NSW) Incorporated
Ian Bersten president. Similar entity in Melbourne (Julie Ruth)
Sinai College, the first Jewish primary school in Brisbane, opens with 14 students.
Increased to 53 during 1991
Antisemitic attacks increase in Australia
Five synagogues attacked by arson in Sydney during the Gulf War
Australian War Crimes trials take place in Adelaide.
The Special Investigations Unit closed in June 1992
High Court Mabo decision, established concept of native title.
Claimant Eddie Mabo, a Murray Islander; represented by Ron Castan QC.
Hon. Mahla Pearlman serves as Chief Judge of the Land and Environment Court.
Served from 1992-2003. The first woman to become chief judge of any jurisdiction within the state of NSW.
Sir James Wolfenson becomes President of The World Bank in New York
Australian born. Nominated by U.S. President Bill Clinton, Wolfensohn was only the third World Bank President to complete two terms, stepping down June 1st 2005.
Maccabiah bridge over the Yarkon River in Tel Aviv collapses.
4 Australian athletes killed and 60 injured
$14m settlements for Maccabiah Games bridge collapse in 1997
Three Australian families Elterman, Zines and Small
Louis Kahan, portrait artist dies aged 97
Won the 1962 Archibald Prize for portrait of author Patrick White
Judge orders removal of Fredrick Toben’s material offensive to Jews
Ignoring order resulted in Toben being jailed in 2009
Bali bombing. 202 people including 88 Australians killed
Melbourne plastic surgeon Graeme Southwick present, helped save lives.
Palestinian activist Dr Hanan Ashrawi accepts Sydney Peace Prize.
Majority of the Jewish community protests the award
Mel Gibson’s controversial film, The Passion of the Christ, released
Amid charges of encouraging antisemitism.
Israelis attempt to acquire a forged New Zealand passport.
New Zealand demanded an apology from Israel and suspended diplomatic relations. Israel later apologised in Jul 2005.
Michael Danby defeats David Southwick in the battle for Melbourne Ports
First time in the electorate’s history that two Jews representing the major parties have come head-to-head.
Mark Leibler receives a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC)
For services to business, law and tax reform, Aboriginal reconciliation and the Jewish community.
Sabina Van Der Linden, addresses opening of the new Holocaust memorial in Berlin
Holocaust survivor living in Sydney,
Anton Block elected president of the Jewish Community Council of Victoria
At 33, the youngest JCCV president in Victorian history
Harry Seidler Architect dies aged 82
Mastermind behind iconic Sydney buildings such as Australia Square, the MLC Centre and Grosvenor Place
Geraldine Brooks wins Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for March.
First Australian author to win the prestigious prize
Leslie Caplan, former ECAJ president dies aged 74.
After being admitted five weeks earlier to Sydney's Wolper Hospital with advanced Parkinson’s disease
Australian census records 88,832 Jews
Actual figure is estimated to be about 15-20 per cent higher.
Irma Stahler, Australia’s oldest Jew, dies aged 107
Believed to be the world’s oldest Holocaust survivor
Richard Pratt, packaging king dies aged 74
Polish Jewish migrant created the multibillion-dollar Visy packaging empire
Former Justice Marcus Einfeld jailed for perjury.
Human-rights campaigner, guilty in case involving a speeding ticket.
Victor Smorgon dies aged 96
(1913-2009), industrialist, innovator, philanthropist and family patriarch. Arrived with no English from the Ukraine at age 14.
Australian-born Mossad spy Ben Zygier, found hanged in his cell
At Israel’s maximum security Ayalon prison.
Fire guts synagogue at Masada College
A fire on the first night of Rosh Hashanah, thought to have begun after a candle was left burning in the kitchen.
Australia’s first Humanistic Jewish congregation, Kehilat Kolenu, is established in Melbourne.
Similar established in Sydney, Ayelet HaShachar. Services loosely based on the Humanistic Jewish movement in USA and the musical-prayer group Nava Tehila in Israel.
Royal Commission into sexual abuse of children at religious institutions & schools
Welcomed by Jewish community leaders.
Mark Dreyfus becomes second Jewish federal attorney-general
Position first held by Sir Isaac Isaacs nearly 100 years ago.
Julia Gillard becomes the first Australian politician to sign London Declaration on Combating Anti Semitism
The document is later signed by MPs from both sides of Parliament
First Shabbat Project held
Hosted in every major city in Australia and more than 230 locations around the world
ECAJ president Robert Goot appointed co-chair of the World Jewish Congress Policy Council
Policy Council liaises closely with the Vatican on inter-religious issues
Australian-born Mark Regev becomes Israel’s ambassador to the United Kingdom
Seasoned Israeli diplomat and the face of Israel on the world’s TV news bulletins
Rabbi Benzion Milecki’s contract with South Head Synagogue is terminated and the shule placed into voluntary administration
In the weeks that follow, different factions attempt to gain the upper hand and a breakaway community is formed.
100th anniversary of the Australian Light Horse charge on Beersheba during WWI
3000 Australians attend
First same-sex Jewish wedding in Australia
Ilan Buchman and Oscar Shub married at Sydney’s Emanuel Synagogue 5 months after Australia legalized gay marriage
Unibail-Rodamco completes a $US25bn deal to acquire Australia’s Westfield Corporation
Ending Lowy family ownership of Westfield Shopping Centres.
Josh Frydenberg becomes Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party and Federal Treasurer
When Scott Morrision elected Prime Minister
Governor-General Sir Peter Cosgrove officially unveils the first National Jewish War Memorial in Canberra
Commemorates all 341 Jewish Diggers who are known to have died on active service.
Jewish independent candidate Dr Kerryn Phelps wins Wentworth by-election.
Defeating Dave Sharma and forcing Liberal government into minority
Jeremy Spinak, dies age 36.
Immediate past president of the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies succumbs to a rare form of cancer.
Moriah College defrauded of $7.4m
Gus Nosti, 57, financial controller at Moriah College in Queens Park between 2004 and 2016
First reported case of COVID-19 to hit the Australian Jewish community.
Melbourne’s Yeshivah Beth Rivkah Colleges (YBR) closed following confirmation that a teacher has tested positive for the coronavirus
Eddie Jaku dies at age 100. Author of international best-seller “The Happiest Man on Earth”
Was a survivor of the Holocaust and one of the founding members of the Sydney Jewish Museum.
Construction agreement signed for building of new Hakoah at White City
New hub for Sydney Jewish community
Malka Leifer found guilty of 18 charges relating to the sexual abuse of two sisters between 2003 and 2007.
Leifer was former head of religion and principal of Adass Israel School and fled Melbourne for Israel in March 2008